
Giorgia Meloni, the leader of Italy’s far-right party, Fratelli d’Italia, spent years on the country’s political margins before she was elected Prime Minister last fall. In this interview, Enzo Traverso sheds light on the significance of her rise and what Fascism means in Italy today.
This interview appears on the Verso Books Blog and was originally published on September 28, 2022 by L’Obs.
Many questions are being asked about the nature of the formation that came out top in Italy’s right-wing coalition. Until four years ago, Fratelli d’Italia [Brothers of Italy], the party led by Giorgia Meloni, was marginal and attracted only those nostalgic for fascism. Italian historian Enzo Traverso is a specialist in totalitarianism, Nazism and anti-Semitism. His latest book, Revolution, An Intellectual History, was published by Verso in 2021.
What was your first reaction when the election results were announced?
To be indifferent would be irresponsible, I am very worried about what is happening in my country. But I can’t say that I am traumatised either. Like most Italians, I expected it. This result was anticipated months ago, it is the logical conclusion of a process whose beginnings go back a long way.
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January 8, the Brazilian January 6
From the CrimethInc. collective (10/01/2023) …
Tracking the Rise of Fascism from the United States to Brazil
On January 8, 2023, far-right supporters of defeated former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro stormed government buildings in Brasília, apparently in grotesque imitation of the fiasco in which Donald Trump’s supporters did the same thing in Washington, DC on January 6, 2021. In the following report, our comrades in Brazil detail the trajectory leading up to these events and discuss the conundrums that opponents of fascism face in Brazil as a consequence.
Yesterday’s far-right incursion poses questions that anarchists and other anti-fascists must confront around the world.
Who is driving far-right efforts to escalate civil conflict and transform state institutions into a battlefield? While many in the United States have suggested the involvement of Steve Bannon, Brazil and Latin America in general have a long history of coups led by local military and right-wing forces and supported by centrists as well as conservatives within the United States government. Unlike Trump, Bolsonaro himself was absent from Brazil during the storming of the buildings, having fled before his presidential term ended. It is probably a mistake to reduce these events to the machinations of few autocrats.
Whoever was behind the incursion, why was the debacle of January 6, 2021 deemed successful enough to be worth repeating? Was the goal of the participants to seize power, to exert pressure on the incoming administration or provoke it into overreacting, to legitimize extra-legal tactics as a step toward building a fascist movement? Or is there no rational goal here, only the side effects of the campaign strategies of far-right demagogues, the increasing polarization of a fragmenting society, and the irresistible pull of memetic tactics?
How can the marginalized populations that are targeted by fascist movements mobilize to defend themselves without legitimizing the same institutions of state that both fascists and centrists employ against them? How can anarchists and others who are invested in profound social change prevent far-right “rebels” from monopolizing the way that the general public sees tactics that we, too, will need to use, albeit in pursuit of liberation?
We hope the following contribution will help our comrades to think through these questions.
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